河北平原区农作物种植水资源压力指数评价

Evaluation of water resources pressure indexes based on crop cultivation in Hebei Plain

利用河北平原区7个地市20年(1994—2013年)的逐日气象数据,结合SIMETAW模型计算了各地市区域作物灌溉需水量,分析了各地市近20年种植结构变化对区域灌溉需水量和水资源压力指数的影响。结果表明:近20年,保定、沧州、邯郸、邢台、廊坊5个地市的粮食作物种植面积呈下降趋势,其中廊坊下降最为显著;7个地市经济作物的种植面积相对稳定;蔬果类种植面积在保定、邯郸、石家庄、衡水和廊坊等地市具有较明显的增长趋势。所有地市粮食作物的灌溉需水量均呈下降趋势,其中以邯郸下降最为显著,保定的年均粮食作物灌溉需水量最大,为20.8亿m^3;除廊坊外,其他地市经济作物的灌溉需水量均呈不同程度的下降,邢台的年均经济作物灌溉需水量最大,为5.2亿m^3;所有地市蔬果类种植年均灌溉需水量近20年呈上升趋势,以石家庄增加趋势最为显著,且石家庄和保定的蔬果种植需水量分别在1995和1996年以后均高于当地经济作物灌溉需水量。沧州、邯郸、衡水、石家庄、保定基于农作物种植的水资源压力指数在九五、十五期间达到最高,十一五、十二五期间有所缓解,沧州的年均水资源压力指数最高。

Based on the observed daily meteorological data of 7 main cities in Hebei plain from 1994 to 2013,main crops irrigation requirement amount was simulated using a modified SIMETAW model.The results showed that：Grain crops planting area displayed a downward trend in Baoding,Cangzhou,Handan,Xingtai and Langfang,among which the most significant region is Langfang.Economic crops planting area in all seven cities was relatively stable.Fruit and vegetable planting area in Baoding,Handan,Shijiazhuang,Hengshui and Langfang had enlarged obviously.The demand of all local grain crops irrigation water was on the decline,among which the most significant region is Handan.Grain crops irrigation water requirement in Baoding was the largest（2.08 billion m^3）.In addition to Langfang,the irrigation water requirement of economic crops in other cities were in varying degrees of decline,and that in Xingtai showed the largest（520million m^3）.Annual fruits and vegetables irrigation requirement in all cities were on the rise,among which Shijiazhuang increased most significantly,and the value in Shijiazhuang and Baoding were higher than those of local economic crop irrigation water requirements from 1995 and 1996respectively.Annual water resources pressure index based on crop cultivation in Cangzhou was the highest.The index peaked during the 9th and 10 th five-year plan in Cangzhou,Handan,Hengshui,Shijiazhuang and Baoding,while the situation was relived in the following 11 th and 12 th five-year plans.