我国自愿戒毒制度的失范与规范

Anomie and Norm of Voluntary Detoxification System in China

自愿戒毒制度由《禁毒法》首次赋予合法地位,又经过《戒毒条例》进一步规范和细化,被单独列为一章,成为我国戒毒体系中的重要组成部分。《禁毒法》《戒毒条例》等法律规范对于自愿戒毒营利性异化、约束力薄弱、执法避风港等风险给予了充分估计,并做出了相应的制度规制。但是,自愿戒毒措施的立法干预是一项系统工程,既需要慎重考查整个戒毒体系的协调和衔接,也需要认真反思自愿戒毒本身的价值和定位。从以上两个维度加以审视,一方面,自愿戒毒与强制隔离戒毒之间的天然紧张关系仍缺乏必要的规范。另一方面,行政权力的过度深入与自愿戒毒充分发挥社会医疗资源的价值理念相悖。解决上述问题需要厘清自愿戒毒制度的法律定位,消解戒毒措施之间的内在失范,平衡社会化戒毒理念与行政高权体制的冲突。

The voluntary detoxification was given the legal status by anti -drug law firstly, which was further refined by drug rehabilitation ordinance and listed as a chapter, becoming an important part of Chinese drug rehabilitation system. Anti -drug law and drug rehabilitation ordinance have given sufficient estimates and made corresponding institutional adjustments. However, the legislative intervention of it is a systematic project, which requires careful examination of the coordination and cohesion of the whole detoxification system, and also needs a serious reflection on the value and positioning of the system itself. From the above two dimensions, on the one hand, there are no necessary norms about voluntary detoxification and compulsory isolated detoxification. On the other hand, the excessive power of adminis- trative power does not accord with the value concept of social medical resources. To solve these problems, it is necessary to clarify the legal position of the voluntary detoxification system, straighten out the appli＇ cable conflicts between the rehabilitation measures, and balance the concept of socialized drug rehabilitation and the system of administrative power.