运用知-信-行模式对哮喘患儿家长进行健康教育的效果

Research on Efficacy of Knowledge-attitude-practice Model on the Health Education of Parents of Children with Asthma

目的探讨运用知-信-行模式对哮喘患儿家长进行健康教育的效果。方法 2015年1-12月,便利抽样法选取在深圳市妇幼保健院儿科哮喘专科门诊诊治的哮喘患儿家长200例为研究对象,按照就诊先后将其分为观察组和对照组,每组100例。对照组患儿家长给予常规健康教育,而观察组患儿家长在常规健康教育基础上采用知-信-行模式进行教育。比较两组家长知-信-行情况及患儿哮喘控制情况。结果在干预前,两组患儿家长在知-信-行总分及各维度得分方面的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。实施干预1年后,观察组患儿家长知-信-行各项评分均高于干预前,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),而对照组患儿家长知-信-行各项评分与干预前相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);且干预1年后,观察组患儿家长知-信-行各项评分明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。干预前,对照组患儿哮喘完全控制及部分控制率为28%,而观察组为24%,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.416,P>0.05)。干预后,对照组患儿哮喘控制率为42%,而观察组为82%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=33.956,P<0.05)。结论运用知-信-行模式进行健康教育,可有效提高哮喘患儿家长哮喘知识认知水平、改善其态度和行为水平,从而促进患儿疾病的恢复。

Objective To discuss the efficacy of knowledge-attitude-practice （KAP） model on the health education in parents of children with asthma.Methods By convenience sampling, 200 cases were selected and randomly assigned into the observation group and control group,with 100 cases in each group.The control group was applied with conventional nursing model while the observation group was applied with knowledge-attitude-practice model.The control status of asthma and the cognitive level of parental awareness were compared between two groups.Results There was no statistical significance found between the two groups in the KAP score before the intervention （all P〉0.0g）.After 1 year of intervention,the KAP score in observation group was significantly higher than that of control group （all P〈0.05） ,while no statistical significance was found in control group compared with before intervention （P〉0.05） ;also the KAP score in observation group was significantly higher than that of control group （all P〈0.05）.Before intervention,the control rate of children with asthma in control group was 28 ,and 248 in observation group, with no statistical significance （X^2 =0.416,P〉0.05）.After intervention,the asthma control rate in control group was 42%, and 82% in observation group, in which showed statistical significance （X^2=33.956, P〈0.05）.Conclusion KAP model can effectively improve the knowledge,attitude and behavior of parents of children with asthma and thus to promote rehabilitation.