建国初期同业公会与国家关系研究——以上海市面粉麸皮商业同业公会为例

A Research on the Relationship between Guild and the State during the Early Years of New China——A Case Study of the Shanghai Flour and Bran Trade Guide

以上海市面粉麸皮商业同业公会为例,分析建国初期同业公会与国家关系的演变。一般情况下,公会对于政府的政策法令持配合、顺从的态度,但也会出于保护同业利益与政府发生对抗。不过,随着时局变化,国家不断调整对同业公会的政策,在政治、经济、思想上多管齐下对其进行全方位的改造,将其纳入控制之下。公会的抗争活动趋于销声匿迹,更多地转向配合国家政策的实施。同业公会的性质和功能发生了根本变化。同业公会接受改造直至消亡,从一个层面反映出建国初期国家与社会的关系从相对分立走向同构化。

With Shanghai Flour and Bran Trade Guild as a case,the evolution of the relationship between the guild and the State has been analyzed.Generally,aguild held a cooperative and submissive attitude towards the government's policies,but in some cases,it might also oppose the government in order to protect the interests of itself.However,with the changing of the current situation,the state gradually brought the guild under its control by constantly adjusting its policy to the guild,transforming the guild all-around politically,economically and ideologically.Then the opposing activities of the guild tended to disappear from the scene,becoming more cooperative to the implementation of the state's policies.And therefore the nature and function of the guild had changed radically.The guild accepted the transformation until it withered away,which reflected from one angle the relationship between the state and society in the early days of new China from a relative separation to isomorphism.