时空参照框架下西方叙事戏剧时态转换研究——以《推销员之死》为例

A Tense Conversion Approach to Western Narrative Drama From the Perspective of Tempo-spatial Reference Framework——A Case Study of The Death of Salesman

时间和空间是人类的基本认知范畴,且Tenbrink认为特定认知主体基于自身视域能建构出相应时空参照框架并生成不同语言空间。西方叙事戏剧作为西方文学史上最早出现的典型性艺术范本,其戏剧语言空间中存在高频时态非规约转换现象。以西方叙事戏剧典范《推销员之死》为个案研究,依据时空参照框架来探究西方叙事戏剧语言空间中高频时态转换现象背后成因并为其提供合理认知理据。经研究发现,西方叙事戏剧语言空间中存在以认知主体为中心的具身、离身以及复合式三大语言空间,且不同认知主体在不同语言空间中选择相异视域是形成时空高频转换背后的关键成因,进一步为戏剧家的时空艺术表现形式提供认知理据。基于此,研究从时空参照认知视角窥探西方叙事戏剧中时空高频转换现象不仅能为其特殊现象背后的认知机制生成提过理据,更为西方叙事戏剧语言特色与艺术表现形式的深刻融合提供一条合理的认知阐析路径。

Time and space are the basic cognitive categories in human being. Furthermore, particular cognitive subjects can construct tempo-spatial reference framework accordingly and then produce various language spaces. Western narrative drama is regarded as the most typical literary art which presents a large amount of unconventional language phenomenon in tense within its language space. On the basis of tempo-spatial reference framework, this paper takes The Death of Salesman as a case study to delve into tense conversion in language space of western narrative drama. The research findings are as followings ： the generative cognitive mechanism towards high frequent tense conversion in The Death of Salesman is based on the cognitive subjects in various language spaces which included embodied language space, disembodied language space as well as combined language space. The cognitive subjects can choose various views according to different distances to construct the tense conversion in high frequency. This research elucidates the unconventional language phenomenon in tense from the perspective of tempo-spatial reference framework, which not only deepens cognitive vision towards western narrative drama but provides cognitive foundations to its further spreading.