等温化学气相渗透法制备C/C-SiC复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

Tribological Property of C/C-SiC Composites Fabricated by Isothermal Chemical Vapor Infiltration

以碳纤维体积分数为30%的2.5维针刺碳毡为预制体,通过等温化学气相渗透法(Isothermal Chemical Vapor Infiltration,ICVI),制备4种C/C-SiC复合材料,基体中Si C含量由56%降至15%,其密度相近(1.87~1.91 g/cm^3)。利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对上述材料的显微结构和物相组成进行观察和分析,并在MM-1000型摩擦磨损试验机上研究复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:随着基体Si C含量的降低,C/C-SiC复合材料的平均宏观硬度由98.2HRA降至65.1HRA,硬度分布的均匀性也明显下降;制动过程的平均摩擦系数和质量磨损率均显著增加;通过对摩擦表面形貌和磨屑微观形貌的分析,表明制动过程中的磨损机制受材料表面宏观硬度的影响显著;随着复合材料表面硬度的降低,磨损机制由磨粒磨损为主向磨粒磨损和黏结磨损联合转变,从而使摩擦系数和磨损量显著提高。

Four kinds of C/C-SiC composites were fabricated by isothermal chemical vapor infiltration （ICVI） , and the 2.5D needle- punching carbon felt was taken as the preform. The volume fraction of carbon fiber in felt is 30%. The density of C/C-SiC composites is similar （1.87-1.91 g/cm3） , while the weight ratio of SiC is decreased from 56% to 15%. The microstructure and phase composi-tion of C/C-SiC composites were observed by SEM and XRD respectively. Friction and wear behavior of the C/C-SiC composites were investigated with the MM-1000 friction machine. The results show that the average macro hardness of matrix is decreased from 98. 2HRA to 65. 1HRA with the decrease of SiC content from 56% to 15% , and uniformity of hardness distribution is significantly de-creased. Finally, by the analysis of microtopography of friction surface and wear debris, it is found that the superficial hardness has an obvious influence on mechanism of wear during braking process. The wear mechanism of the C/C-SiC composites transforms from grain wear to the combination of grain wear and adherent wear with the decrease of surface hardness. At the same time, the average friction coefficient and mass wear rate is increased obviously during breaking process.