阐发性命道德之精微——论《宋元学案》对周敦颐《通书》的诠释与评价

Comments and Criticism to Zhou Dunyi's Tong Shu in Song Yuan Xue An

在天人关系上,周敦颐以"诚"贯通性命与道德,以"四德"说规定了天道与人性的继承关系,黄百家进而依据刘宗周的"四德"说贯通了天道与人道之性情。在工夫论上,黄百家继承心学的"研几"说解释周敦颐的"几善恶"说,以慎独说解释慎动说,以理欲合一解释"无欲"说。在人性论上,黄百家认为周敦颐的人性论中包含有天命之性(诚、中)与气质之性(刚柔善恶)的区分。在境界论上,黄百家认为周敦颐追求的"孔颜乐处"是在效法天道的过程中追求与天地万物为一体的仁者境界。在政治论上,黄百家阐发了周敦颐效法自然的"顺化"观和"礼先乐后"说。在思想定位上,黄百家从思想宗旨出发论述了儒释之辨,指出周敦颐的思想旨趣及其事业与佛教不同。

On the human-nature relation, Zhou Dunyi interconnects the nature and the morality by ＂Cheng＂, stipulates the succession relation between natural law and human nature, and then Huang Baijia interconnects natural law and human nature and emotions. On the theory of cultivation,Huang Baijia explains Zhou Dunyi＇s theory of ＂Ji Shan E＂ by ＂Yan Ji＂ theory of mind philosophy, explains move cautiously by the theory of vigilance in solitude, and explains the theory of ＂Unselfishness＂. On the theory of human nature, Huang Baijia believes that Zhou Dunyi＇s theory of human nature includes the distinction of innate human nature and postnate human nature. On the theory of realm, Huang Baijia thinks Zhou Dunyi＇s seeking for Confucian optimistic attitude to life is the idea of ＂the universe as a whole＂ by liking public entertainment. On Tractatus Politicus, Huang Baijia elucidates Zhou Dunyi＇s theory of ＂Naturalization＂ and ＂Music After Li＂. On the ideological orientation, Huang Baijia discusses the Disputation on Confucianism and Buddhist from ideology purpose, indicating that Zhou Dunyi＇s theory and enterprise is different from Buddhism.