文化理性下的日常生活解读——以马歇尔·萨林斯的文化理论为研究视域

Interpretation of everyday life in the perspective of cultural reason:A study based on Sahlins' theory of culture

长期以来,人类的一切实践活动都被看作是利益最大化的过程,文化因此丧失了它的自主性和能动性,成为了功利的附属物。正是基于实践论和文化论的关系问题,马歇尔·萨林斯提出了文化理性和实践理性的范式对立,他认为人的实践活动并非一定要依赖于物质现实,而是根植于一个巨大的文化体系当中,也就是说,它是受文化约束的。萨林斯的文化理论在一定程度上消解了实践的功利主义,为我们解读日常生活提供了一个独特的视角,对于日常生活的批判与重建也有着非常重要的参考和借鉴作用。

For a long time, human practical activities have been regarded as the process of maximizing interests. Therefore, culture has lost its independence and initiative,and has become the appendage of utility. Based on the relationship bet-ween practice and culture,Marshall Sahlins distinguishes cultural reason and practical reason. He believes that human practical activitiesrely on a massive cultural system rather than dependence on reality,that i s,they are under thesense,Sahlins, theory of culture has deconstructed the utilitarianism of practice and provided a new pernificance for our critique and reconstruction of humanJs daily life.