老年人的资源禀赋与养老方式选择--基于CLASS2012数据的实证检验

Correlation Analysis of Resource Endowment and Ways of Old-age Care——Empirical Test Based on the Investigation Data of CLASS 2012

选择何种方式进行养老,是老年人依据自身资源禀赋状况做出的一种理性选择。基于可能影响老年人养老方式选择的个体特质禀赋、经济禀赋和自理能力禀赋,采用2012年中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS)的相关数据,检验老年人资源禀赋对其养老方式选择(居家养老或机构养老)的影响,分析表明:女性老年人、年龄较小的老年人和收入较高的老年人更倾向于选择机构养老,而老年人自理能力禀赋对其养老方式选择的影响不显著。因此,老年人对机构养老的需求呈上升趋势。一是要从供给侧满足老年人多样化的养老方式需求,提升居家养老服务质量,增加养老机构数量,构建"三位一体"的新型养老模式;二是也应该密切关注老年人的资源禀赋状况,尤其要保障老年人的收入水平。

The elderly choosing the ways of old-age care according to their resources endowment is the rational choice. This paper classifies the resource endowments that affect the choice of the old age pension potentially into biographical characteristics endowment,economic endowment and self-care ability endowment,and analyses the influence of these endowments on the way of old-age care by using the data from ‘2012 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey'( CLASS 2012). The research finds that old women,the old people with smaller age and the old people with high income tend to choose to age in nursing home,and that self-care ability endowment does not have a significant effect on patterns of old-age support. Thus,the demand of the elderly on nursing homes shows the rising trend,on the one hand,the government should satisfy at supply-side the demand of multiple old-age care methods,raise service quality of old-age-care at home,increase the number of old-age-care agencies,and set up new-type old-age-care mode with three dimensions,on the other hand,governments should pay attention to the resources endowment situation of the elderly,especially ensure the income level of the elderly.