昆明市绿化树种冻害情况调查

Investigation on Frost Damage of Greening Tree Species in Kunming City

2014年选择5条线路,对昆明市各县区街道及高速公路28个常见绿化树种的生长及冻害情况进行调查,结合冻害症状,制定冻害标准,确定冻害等级。结果表明,28种绿化树种中,无冻害植株为3 842株,占51.81%;轻度冻害植株为1 424株,占19.2%;中度冻害植株为960株,占12.95%;重度冻害植株为531株,占7.16%;特重度冻害植株为388株,占5.23%。小叶榕、鸭掌木、银桦、凤凰木、蓝桉、圣诞树受害严重,极度不适应冻害天气。而云南松、华山松、麻栎、青冈、川滇桤木、园柏则受害轻微,表现出对冻害极好的抗性。在地势低洼、地形闭塞的小盆地、低洼地、坡地下部,冷空气容易沉积,受害比较严重;山坡中部,空气流动畅通,受冻较轻;山头或者地势平坦风口处由于直接受寒风吹袭,受害比较严重。

In 2014,five lines were selected to investigate the growth and frost damage of 28 common greening tree species along streets and high ways of Kunming,and the frost damage criteria were set up to understand the frost damage level. The results showed that there were 3 842 individual plants( 51. 81%) in the 28 kinds of greening tree species,1 424( 19. 2%) were mild frost damage,960 were moderate,accounting for 12. 95%,531 were heavy,accounting for 7. 16%; Severe heavy damage to 388,accounting for 5. 23%. Damage of Ficus microcarpa,Schefflera octophylla, Grevillea robusta, Delonix regi, Eucalyptus globulus, and Acacia dealbata were extremely serious,and did not adapt to the freezing weather. Pinus yunnanensis,Pinus armandii,Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides,Alnus ferdinandi-coburgii,and Juniperus chinensis were slightly affected,showing excellent resistance to frost damage. In the low-lying,terrain occluded small basin where cold air could be easy to deposit,the damages were serious; in the middle of the hillside,where the air could flow freely,the freezing stage was light; At the top of hills or in flat terrain,the damages were more serious.