“N+V”四字词语的形成机制——以深层动宾结构为主

The Formation Mechanism of “N + V” Four-character Expression

汉语词法结构依据句法,动宾结构通常为"V+N"形式,这在复音词中得到印证。但是四字词语有两种形式,即"V+N"结构与"N+V"结构。尤其是"N+V"四字词语,由于是"名词+及物动词",从而形成表层与深层的差异。这种表层主谓深层动宾的词语不仅与"V+N"四字词组有异,而且呈现有增无减趋势。本文通过与复音词对比,探讨四字词语的形成条件,并力求从语言动态层面,分析各种隐含的制约性。通过外部条件与内部因素比较,确认"N+V"四字词语形成的机制。

On the basis of Chinese lexieal syntactic structure, verb-object construction is mostly in the form of ＂V＋N＂, which has been confirmed in the polysyllabic characters. But four-character expressions have two forms, namely, ＂V ＋ N＂ structure and ＂N ＋ V＂ structure. In particular, because the four-character expression with ＂N ＋ V＂ structure is noun ＋ transitive verb, it causes the differences between the surface and deep meanings. This kind of expression not only differs from the ＂V ＋ N＂ four-character expressions, but also presents an increasing trend. This paper mainly discusses the formation conditions of four-character expres- sions by comparing polysyllabic characters, and analyzing all implicit constraints from the dynamic language level. Through the comparison of external conditions and internal factors, the formation mechanism of ＂N ＋ V＂ four-character expression is confirmed.