“圣战”与“和平”的博弈:战时华东沦陷区“七七纪念”活动述析

A Game between “Holy War” and “Peace”:A Study on Memorial Activities in the Occupied Area of East China during the Anti-Japanese War

在近代国家形成过程中,纪念日通常承载着塑造国民意识、培养民族国家认同以及创造或增强政权合法性的强大功能。然而,抗战时期华东沦陷区日伪政权展开的"七七"纪念活动却并非如此,它一方面被赋予针对抗日宣传的反宣传功能,同时又因日本居留民群体以"七七圣战"纪念活动展示日本战胜的意味而极度尴尬。由于华东沦陷区特殊的社会环境、日军占领者与汪伪政权间围绕纪念日资源的明暗博弈,这一纪念活动的进程错综交织、乱象丛生。当双方以"七七"纪念为体、以"中日和平"为交叉点重构"七七"的政治意蕴时,双方的政治分歧也清晰可见。亲日政权本就虚幻的合法性在被动的"七七"纪念活动中更遭遇困局。华东沦陷区的"七七"纪念活动,可以视为偏离近代纪念日常规路径的特殊现象,它所具有的政治功能产生了逆向的扭曲效果。

Due to its crucial functions in constructing the national identity, cultivating the individual＇s conformity to the state and strengthening （sometimes even creating） the political legitimacy of a certain authority, the making and celebrating of national memorial days is considered vital for the modern nation building. However, the celebrating activities in remembering the Battle of Marco-Polo Bridge in the occupied areas of East China during the anti-Japanese War made an exception. On the one hand, the July 7 was given the mission of countervailing the anti-Japanese propaganda set forth by the Nationalist Government. On the other hand, the locally residing Japanese nationals regarded it a symbol of their country＇s victorious Holy War. The intricate social and demographical conditions of the occupied areas in East China and moreover, the role of July 7 as a contesting field of the japanese occupiers and the collaborationist government led by Wang Jingwei complicated the picture of acta, verba, et gesta of persons and organizations involved in the celebrating activities. When the both sides sought to endow the July 7 the implication of ＂the peaceful co-existence of Chinese and Japanese＂, the political discrepancy of the both sides came out in the wash. The Puppet Nationalist Government that was already suffering from its lack of political legitimacy, had been pushed on the verge of collapse in its failed self-justification. Therefore, contrast to the nation-building function of national memorial days widely discussed in previous scholarship, the celebrating activities on July 7 in the occupied areas of East China represented an exceptional case, in which the making and celebrating of a national memorial day does not contribute in the authority＇s self-legitimization.