“利益共容”与新型国际关系建构——英美、英德关系(1898-1945年)的历史镜鉴

“Encompassing Interests”and the Construction of a New Type of International Relations:Historical Lessons from the UK-US and UK-Germany Relations in 1898-1945

新型国际关系理念的核心在于合作共赢。既有研究尤其是国外学界对新型国际关系理念的解读尚有不足之处,甚或催生错误认知。本文以"利益共容"为理论视角,对19世纪末至20世纪上半叶英美和英德关系的经典历史案例比较后发现,即使在战争频仍的帝国主义时代,仍存在"利益共容"的可能。美国拓展"相容利益"实现英美权力和平转移,德国偏向"狭隘利益"与国际社会福祉相疏离的历史,具有深刻的启迪意义。新型国际关系建构,应寻找"利益共容",国家间政治互动更应以史为鉴,尽可能实现合作共赢。

The core idea of a New Type of International Relations rests on win-win cooperation.However,it seems that there are a number of deficiencies in the interpretation towards this idea in the existing studies,especially those of the overseas scholars.Taking'encompassing interests'as a theoretical perspective,this paper makes a comparison between the UK-US and the UK-Germany relations in the late 19th Century to early 20th Century.It can be found that it is possible to achieve'encompassing interests'even in the imperialism era with frequent warfare.The experience of the US expansion of'inclusive interests'to fulfill peaceful power transition between the UK and US and the history of Germany deviating into'narrow interests'while alienating itself from the wellbeing of international society have brought us profound historical insights.It is necessary for nation states to seek for'encompassing interests'in order to construct a New Type of International Relations and realize win-win cooperation.