欧洲极右翼政党对欧盟的“政治利用”策略透析--以法国国民阵线为例

The Political Strategy of the European Radical Right Parties in Taking EU as an Instrument-A Case Study of French Front National

欧洲极右翼政党虽然在意识形态上多倾向疑欧主义,但在政治实践上却积极实施对欧盟的"政治利用"策略,以获取在政治竞争中所需的各种资源。通过分析法国国民阵线利用欧盟在获得政治经费、拓展生存空间、构建政党身份、扩大政治影响以及加强党内控制等方面的策略和实践可以发现,欧盟在欧洲极右翼政党的生存和发展中扮演了十分重要的角色:通常在国内政治格局中陷于孤立境地的欧洲极右翼政党,在很大程度上需要借助欧盟的政治资源,实现在国内政治竞争中占有一席之地这一根本政治目标。欧洲极右翼政党的"政治利用"揭示出欧洲民主政治的某种困境:它不仅会进一步助推欧洲极右翼政治势力的壮大,而且会加大欧洲治理体系内部的结构性压力,加剧欧洲双层民主结构的矛盾。

In spite of their Eurosceptic idea,the radical right parties in Europe do not refrain from taking advantage of the political resources that the EU has offered.This paper makes an analysis of the strategy of the Front National(FN)in employing the EU as an instrument to acquire political resources,widen its electoral basis,construct its identity as a political party,expand its political influences and strengthen the control over its own members.It finds that the EU has played an important role in the survival and development of the European radical rights,especially in their attempts to win a place in domestic political competitions.Such a situation has revealed some of the dilemmas that the European democracy is facing,which will not only further strengthen the influences of the radical right parties in Europe,but put greater pressures on the European governance system,thus intensify the internal conflicts within the EU’s double structure of democratic legitimacy.