论空域权:以与空间权的比较为核心

A Survey On Space Right and Airspace Right

空域是航空活动的主要场域,空域权利是航空法的发展基石。然而我国对空域权利的研究尚未充分展开。有关空间权的研究限于物权法范畴,无法对空域权利制度的构建提供理论与制度支撑。文章研究了空域权的对象及其与物权空间的区别与联系,指出空气空间应当依据航空飞行的最低安全高度的水平面为界区分为空域及其下的物权空间。空域权与物权法意义上的空间权虽具有诸多相似性,但区别更为突出。国家对空域的所有权为宪法性所有权,由此,其权利制度应当以国家干预下的公共产品利用权为核心进行构建,不宜参照海域使用权的制度模式。

Airspace is the main field for air activities,therefore,the right of airspace is the base of air law. However,studies on airspace right have not begun yet in China. The system construction of airspace right may not be nourished by the studies on space right from the perspective of property law. The air space shall be divided into two layers： airspace and space which is under the former. Although there are many similarities between airspace right and space right,the dissimilarities are obviously. The state’s ownership in airspace is a constitutional right,which differs from property right. Therefore,the system of airspace right shall be constructed in accordance with the use for public goods under the supervision of government and shall not refer to the system of right to use sea field.