重置“是”与“应当”之坐标:在哈贝马斯的伦理视域中

To Reset the Coordinate of “Being” and “Ought”: from Ethics Perspective of Habermas

"是"与"应当"的关系问题自休谟以降遂成为诸多哲学家的一个关注核心。二者或者被等而视之,或者被割裂而论,以致规范的有效性问题在二者的混淆中被消弭,道德规范的普遍性与客观性在二者的对峙中被消除。在此态势下,哈贝马斯坚守道德认知主义的立场,基于一种"类比性思维"来重置"是"与"应当"的坐标。其具体方式,一是通过对元伦理学的批判来消解"是"与"应当"之间的混同和紧张;二是基于对斯特劳森道德现象学的借镜来彰显客观化与施为性态度的分野;三是依凭对规范性命题"似真性"的开显来揭明"是"与"应当"之间的勾连。

Relationship between being and ought has become a major concern for many philosophers since Hume.Some agree upon them as being equal,while others take a different views on them;As a result,the validity of norms has been eliminated due to the confusion of them and so as to the the universality and the objectivity of ethics in the separating of them.Under such conditions,Habermas,sticking to his stance from moral cognitivism perspective,resets the coordinate of being and ought based on analogy thinking.Being specific:Firstly,to eliminate the confusion and stress between being and ought,according to his criticizing on meta-ethics;Secondly,to show the dividing line between objectivating attitude and performative attitude by drawing from the moral phenomenology of P.W.Strawson;Thirdly,to reveal the connection between being and ought,according to the analysis of the analogy to truth of normative proposition.