互联网平台经济从业者的权益保护问题

The Issue of Benefit Protection of Practitioners in Internet Platform Economy

在互联网平台经济蓬勃发展的背景下,国外出现了是否创设中间类别劳动者以保护互联网平台经济从业者权益的争论,支持者认为创设新类别或第三种类别的劳动者是必要的;而反对者则认为这并不符合互联网平台经济下从业者的现实保护需要。实际上,多个国家已经存在中间类别劳动者的制度,通过对设立原因、测试标准以及主要权利的比较可以发现,该制度增强了对被传统劳动法排除在保护范围之外劳动者的权益保障,促进了劳动法制和劳动法理论的发展。面对当前不断多样化的劳动形态,中国应当以解决劳动者权益保护的问题为重点,淡化劳动关系认定的法律意义,实现劳动基准、社会保险等内容与劳动关系的脱钩,重视对经济依赖或经济从属性的考察,并在未来探索建立中间类别劳动者保护制度。

Internet platform economy has been developing in an unprecedent speed,there is a debate on whether to create an intermediate category of workers to protect the interests of platform practitioners in some countries.Supporters believe that it is necessary to create a new or a third category of workers,while opponents argue that this does not suit the needs of platform practitioners.In fact,a number of countries already have institutions of intermediate category of workers.Comparison of reasons,test standards and main rights of these institutions provide evidence that this category not only enhances the protection of workers who were excluded from the traditional labor law,but also promotes the system of labour law and labor law theory.By this revelation,the worker protection framework in China,facing the current diversity of labor forms,should focus on solving the issues of workers'interests,unbind protections from existing of employment,such as labor standards,social security,and value more on economic dependence or economic subordination,explore the establishment of intermediate category of workers in the future.