悲剧意识与宋代士人的山水宦游

Tragic Consciousness and Intellectuals' Business and Landscape Trip in Song Dynasty

宦游是中国古代士人难以回避且充满悲剧性的价值实现之路,山水与宦游结成深刻的精神联系:既暴露宦游中的价值困境,也消解游于家国之间的悲剧意识。宋人山水宦游将山水审美中的精神超越之想包容在世务行役之游的过程中,"仕"的价值追询依托山水转变为"游"的审美体验,是对汉唐游宦传统中悲剧意识的深化,也展现出全新的悲剧意识消解模式。宋人的山水之思饱含宇宙人生之理,山水成为士人印证内心和超越现实的媒介,展现出全新的审美形态;同时也说明随着唐宋文化转型,山水消解悲剧意识的功能逐步走向弱化。

Business trip in Chinese ancient history is a common way for intellectuals to pursue the value of life,which is inevitable and tragic in most instances.Landscape has a profound connection with business trip that not only reveals the dilemma of value pursuing but also dispels tragic consciousness when intellectuals drifting between hometown and government.Intellectuals in Song dynasty express their spiritual transcendence during business and sightseeing trip means turning moral duties and social obligations into an aesthetic experience by touring mountains and rivers while serving the government.It shows a much deeper tragic consciousness than Han and Tang dynasties and a new way to dissolve tragic consciousness.Intellectuals’interests to landscape are full of expectations about life and universe so that landscape becomes a medium for them to demonstrate their state of mind and transcend reality by new aesthetic forms.It also indicates that the cultural function for landscape to dispel tragic consciousness is gradually faded away along with culture transition.