一起学校结核病疫情的调查分析

An Investigation and Analysis of Tuberculosis Epidemic Situation in a School

目的对学校结核病疫情进行调查处置,探讨及时有效控制学校结核病疫情的措施。方法采用流行病学调查方法对结核病疫情进行调查分析。结果该起疫情共确诊7例肺结核病例,其中痰涂片阳性1例,学生罹患率为2.81%,结核性胸膜炎8例。确诊的肺结核和结核性胸膜炎共计15例,其中14例为同教学楼层、同宿舍楼层的同一专业的大学生,1例为该班的代课教师,各病例间有比较明确的流行病学关联。所有病例均为男性。因症就诊发现5例(30%),密切接触者筛查发现10例(70%)。共筛查密切接触者1 210名,其中教师12名。PPD强阳性率为3.14%,其中教职工强阳性率为8.33%,学生为3.09%。结论通过开展健康教育提高学生、教师、家长对肺结核病的认知水平和对防控措施的依从性;学校要坚持落实控制结核病的"五早"原则,防止疫情的蔓延扩散。

Objective To investigate and deal with the epidemic situation of tuberculosis in schools,and to explore the effective measures to control the epidemic situation. Methods Epidemiological investigation was adopted to analyze the epidemic situation of tuberculosis. Results There were 7 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis; one of them was sputum smear positive. The incidence rate of students was 2. 81%,8 cases were tuberculous pleurisy in this epidemic situation. There were 15 diagnosed cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy,among them,14 students who were at the same major were at the same floor of the teaching building or the dormitory building,the other one was the teacher of them. There was a clear epidemiology association between the cases. All of them were male. 5cases（ 30%） were discovered when they saw the doctor. 10cases（ 70%） were discovered by close contact screening. We screened 1210 close contacts. Among them,there were 12 teachers. The strong positive rate of PPD was 3. 14%,which the rate of the teachers was8. 33%,the rate of the students was 3. 09%. Conclusions We should disseminate health education to improve the awareness of tuberculosis and the compliance of prevention and control measures of the students,the teachers and the parents. Schools must implement ＂ five early＂ principles of the tuberculosis control to prevent the occurrence and spread of the epidemic.