云浮市人造石材行业职业危害调查

Occupational hazards of artificial stone industry in Yunfu City

目的了解人造石材行业工作场所存在的职业病危害因素及其对作业人员的健康危害程度,研究预防控制措施。方法采用流行病学调查、工程分析、职业卫生检测和职业健康检查等方法对人造石材行业职业危害因素及对职业人群的健康危害进行分析。结果工作场所存在的主要职业病危害因素是粉尘、噪声和化学毒物(苯乙烯等)等;人造岗石和人造石英石生产线粉尘中游离SiO_2平均含量分别为7.90%和91.48%;粉尘岗位超标率为35.3%,原料岗位的粉尘超标率达56.5%;40 h等效声级超过80 d B(A)的岗位占96.2%,超过85 d B(A)的岗位占73.1%;苯乙烯超标率为8.9%;职业健康检查疑似尘肺病4例(检出率为1.1%)、疑似噪声聋4例(检出率为1.3%),高仟伏胸片、肺功能、纯音听阈测试、血压、心电图、血常规和尿常规检查异常率分别为20.3%、17.1%、58.3%、18.4%、29.8%、7.9%和29.0%,在不同工龄组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),工龄越长,异常率越高。纯音听阈测试、高仟伏胸片和尿常规检查异常率在不同类型企业中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论云浮市人造石材行业工作场所粉尘、噪声严重超标,对作业人员健康产生叠加影响,应进行超标场所整治、加强职业卫生监管。

Objective To investigate the occupational hazard factors in the workplaces of artificial stone industry and their health hazards to workers, and to study the prevention and control measures. Methods The epidemiologieal investigation, en- gineering analysis, occupational hygiene detection and occupational health examination were used to analyze the occupational haz- ard factors of artificial stone industry and their health hazards to occupational groups. Results The main occupational hazard factors existed in the workplaces were dust, noise and chemical poisons （ styrene, ete）. The average levels of free silica in artificial stone and artificial quartz stone dust were 7.90% and 91,48% respectively. The over-standard rate of dust posts was 35.3%, and the over-standard rate of dust in raw material posts was 56.5%. The posts with 40-hour equivalent sound level higher than 80 dB （A） and than 85 dB（A） accounted for 96.2% and 73.1% respectively. The over-standard rate of styrene was 8.9%. Occupational health examination detected 4 cases of suspected pneumoconiosis （ with the detection rate of 1.1% ） and 4 cases of suspected noise -induced deafness （with the detection rate of 1.3% ）. The abnormal detection rates of high-kilovolt chest X-ray, pulmonary func- tion, pure tone threshold audiometry, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, blood routine and urine routine examination were 20.3%, 17.1%, 58.3%, 18.4%, 29.8%, 7.9% and 29.0% respectively, showing statistically significant differences among the groups with different length of service （P〈0.05）. The longer the length of service, the higher the abnormal detection rate. The abnormal detec- tion rates of pure tone threshold audiometry, high-kilovolt chest X-ray and urine routine examination in different types of enterpri- ses showed statistically significant differences （all P〈0.05）. Conclusions The dust and noise in the workplaces of artificial stone industry in Yunfu City exceed the standard seriously, resulting in cumulative effects on the workers＇ health. It is necessary to implement the rectification measures in the over-standard workplaces and strengthen the occupational health supervision.