集中空调通风系统对公共场所室内PM_(10)浓度的影响分析

The Influence of Centralized Air Ventilation System on PM_(10) Concentration in Public Places

目的探索集中空调通风系统对公共场所室内PM_(10)浓度的改善效能及其影响因素。方法 2015年选取11家设置和6家未设置集中空调通风系统(对照组)的公共场所经营单位作为监测点,采用问卷调查收集基础资料,每周对其室内外PM_(10)浓度进行监测,通过非参数检验等方法分析集中空调对室内PM_(10)浓度水平的影响。结果设置集中空调通风系统室内相对室外PM_(10)浓度平均减少值优于对照组(Mann-Whitney U检验,P=0.023);不同距上次清洗时长组间PM_(10)浓度平均减少值差异有统计学意义(Z=13.155,P=0.004);中效新风口滤网对降低室内PM_(10)浓度比初效滤网有更优的效果(Z=-3.346,P=0.001);不同组间新风口滤网清洗频率在降低室内PM_(10)浓度的作用上差异有统计学意义(Z=11.891,P=0.018),每月1次的频率最佳。结论合理使用集中空调通风系统,定期清洗、使用更高过滤等级的滤网并保持最佳清洗频率能有效降低室内PM_(10)浓度,有助于改善室内空气质量。

Objective To explore the influence of centralized air ventilation system （CAVS） on the con centration of PM10 in the indoor air of public places. Methods The basic data of 11 public places with CAVS selected as monitoring sites and 6 institutions without CAVS selected as control sites were collected by question- naire during wintertime in 2015. EVM-3 dust detector was used to test the concentration of indoor PM10 in 1 mi- nute at all selected sites. A nonparametric test was used to analyze the influence of CAVS on the concentration of indoor air PM10. Results The use of CAVS could help reducing indoor PM10 level （Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0. 023）. The efficiency on indoor air PM10 was decreased with extending the length of cleaning CAVS （ Z = 13. 155, P = 0. 004）. Compared with primary filter, medium efficiency filter could play a better role on reducing indoor PMI0 level（ Z = - 3. 346, P = 0. 001 ）. Increasing the frequency of cleaning fresh air inlet filter could im- prove the effect of reducing indoor PM10 concentration （Z = 11. 891, P = 0. 018） ; cleaning monthly might be the best choice. Conclusion Reasonable use of CAVS, regular cleaning, applying higher level filter and keeping better cleaning frequency could effectively reduce the indoor PM10 level and improve indoor air quality to safeguard public health.