台湾人口老化与少子化问题及其经济社会影响

On the Aging Population and the Declining Birth Rate in Taiwan and Their Implications for Economic and Social Development

台湾人口老化与少子化问题日益突出,已进入"高龄化社会",并将进入"超过高龄社会",人口负增长时代即将来临。晚婚晚育或不婚不育比例持续上升,没有子女的单身家庭越来越多,总量已超过非单身家庭。人口红利会逐步消失,劳动力供给减少,劳动力成本上升,影响经济发展;社会保障压力增大,社保基金财政吃紧;少子化对台湾高校招生与教育事业发展带来新挑战,普遍面临生源不足、高校老师失业与高校倒闭现象增加等一系列新问题;老年人口"长期照顾"成为新课题。

In face of the aging population and the declining birth rate, Taiwan is stepping in an ＂aging society,＂ and will move into a ＂super aging society. ＂ Taiwan will soon witness a time of negative population growth. With more people choosing late marriage and late childbearing or no marriage and no childbearing, the number of single parent family or the no child family is increasing, surpassing the other kinds of family. And this trend leads to serious consequences, including the decreasing population bonus, the shortage of labor supply, the increasing cost of labor, and will also negatively affect the economic development, increase the social security pressure and the social security budget. The low birth rate also results in some serious consequences for the education development in Taiwan, for example, the shortage of students, the unemployment of the college teachers and the closing of colleges. It becomes a new research project on how to ＂long-care＂ the aging people.