扩招以来我国普通高校招生规模发展轨迹和特点

Development and Characteristics of the Admission Scale since College Expansion

扩招以来,我国普通高校招生规模扩张轨迹呈现出明显的阶段性特征,先后经历了突然扩张期-延续扩张期-控制扩张期三个阶段,政府的宏观教育政策发挥了主导作用;招生规模扩张后本专科学历层次变动非常明显,由最初的以本科生为主转变为以专科生为主,专科生成了扩招的主力军;地方高校占据我国高校规模扩张的绝对主体地位,地方政府发展高等教育具有理性和非理性的两重性特点,中央政府应加强教育政策的宏观调控;近10年高校招生规模扩张以应用学科为主,基础学科招生以本科生为主,应用学科招生以专科生为主,基础学科招生年度百分比逐年下降,应用学科招生年度百分比逐年上升。

The college expansion track over the past decade shows clear phasic characteristics: three stages from a sudden expansion period,to a continued but moderate expansion period,and then to a controlled expansion period,during which,since government’s macro education policy has played a leading role,the college expansion born the features like:junior college students have become the main force of the expansion and local colleges and universities dominated the expansion.As for the development,this article thinks that the admission scale in the future may follow the characteristics below:central government may supervise the expansion more closely because local governments’ administration have been irrational sometimes;the expansion of this decade may happen in the aspect of disciplines;while the fundamental disciplines recruit most undergraduate but the applied disciplines enroll most junior college students,with the percentage of admission decreasing and increasing respectively.