二战后日本国立、公立大学入学考试制度的沿革、现状与特点

The Matriculation System of National and Public Universities in Japan after World War II:Its History,Present Situation and Characteristics

高等学校入学考试制度是一个国家高等教育制度的重要组成部分。中日两国同属东方文化圈,都是以考试为选拔人才的主要方式,因此两国的入学考试制度有很大的可比性。在梳理二战后日本国立、公立大学入学考试制度历史沿革的基础上,分析现行的以中心考试和高校自主考试相结合的考试形式,并指出其在考试形式多样化、评价标准多元化、考试过程人性化等方面对我国高考制度改革的借鉴,具有很强的启示意义。

The system of national university entrance examination is an important part of higher education system.Since both countries are in Asian cultural sphere,China and Japan share many similarities in their systems of examination---the means for the nation to select talents.Therefore,it is revelatory for us to elaborate the historical development of national,public university entrance examination system after World War II in Japan,and analyze their combined testing form of the current united examination plus university’s autonomous admission,and obtain some reference and enlightenment from their diversified testing forms,evaluation standards,and the humane testing procedures.