北朝时期生态保护诏令考述

A Discussion about Edicts of Ecological Protection in the Northern Dynasties

北朝时期颁布了一系列的生态保护诏令,主要涵盖了林木资源保护与动物资源保护两个方面。禁伐树木、森林防火、节约用材以及鼓励植树等诏令的颁发,客观上保护了这一时期的林木资源。与此同时,禁止猎杀、捕贡和畜养动物等诏令,一定程度上也起到了保护动物资源的作用。北朝时期的生态保护诏令虽具有不稳定性,颁行的主观目的亦在于维护政治安定,而且属于以义务为本位的律法,但其无疑为当时生态保护立法的主要形式,对于北朝时期生态环境的保护与改善具有重要意义,对后世生态保护律法的颁行亦影响深远。

In the Northern Dynasties,a series of edicts of ecological protection were promulgated,mainly concerning forest vegetation and animal resources protection.By promulgating edicts of prohibiting logging,preventing forest fire,saving timber and encouraging trees planting,objectively forest vegetation were protected.At the same time,edicts of prohibiting hunting,prohibiting tributes and keeping animals also protected animal resources.Although edicts of ecological protection in the Northern Dynasties were unstable,the subjective purpose was to safeguard the political stability and they belonged to the law of obligation,these edicts were still the main form of ecological protection legislation,and of great significance to the protection and improvement of ecological environment in the Northern Dynasties,as well as the promulgation and enforcement of environmental protection laws of later generations.