“全面二孩”政策下特殊教育师资队伍建设面临的挑战及对策

The New Challenge to the Construction of Special Education Teachers' Team Given by the Two-child Policy and the Responding Strategies

随着"全面二孩"政策的实行,高龄夫妇生育比例激增,高龄生育子代出生缺陷的风险增大。可以预见,未来10年我国特殊教育需求将大大增长。反观现实,我国特殊教育师资队伍的现状不仅无法满足目前的需要,更无法应对特殊教育未来增长的需求。一方面,特殊教育对象数量不断上升,随班就读人数增长,特殊教育对象的类型趋向多样化和复杂化;另一方面,我国特殊教育师资队伍建设现状不容乐观,表现在:特殊学校专任教师数量不足,在校师生比低;高校特教专业存在巨大培养缺口且课程内容设置不合理;不同类型的特教教师标准没有明确分类说明。为应对挑战与解决问题,我国特殊教育教师队伍建设应不断提升普通教育师范生的特教能力,同时重视特教师范生的专业发展,注重特教从业人员的专业标准划分。

With the “ two-child policy” carried out,the fertility rate of age-disadvantaged couples hasrapidly risen,and the children who are brought into the world by age-diadvantaged couples are at a high risk of birth defect,so more special education teachers are needed in the coming 10 years. In f c t ^ the special ed-ucation in China can meet neitlier the cuirent need nor the future need. On the one hand, more and morestudents need to be specially educated and the students tend to be diverse and complicated; on the otherhand,the full-time teachers in special schools are insufficient and the teacher-student ratio is low; the specialeducation majors in colleges and universities cannot satisfy the demand and the currculum content is notproperly offered; moreover, the normsfor different types of teachers are not clearly classified. In order toaccept the challenge and solve the problems, the special educational ability of nomal students should bedeveloped,the professional development of special education students should be strengthened,and theprofessional standards of special education teachers ought to be clearly classified.