里约三公约交叉议题谈判进展及应对策略研究

International Negotiations on the Cross-Boundary Issues and China's Countermeasure Analysis Within the Three Rio Conventions

气候变化、生物多样性、土地荒漠化的国际协作在全球范围内越来越受到重视。本文系统梳理了里约三公约交叉议题及其进展情况,并对其进行了综合评价。里约三公约交叉议题可归纳为减缓领域、适应领域、损失和损害以及战略计划和目标四大类,未来会日益强调基于生态系统方式实现协同增效。本文还提出了中国谈判及履约建议:(1)主动引领交叉议题谈判进程;(2)构建和完善国家协同履约机制;(3)结合南南合作、一带一路等开展区域合作。

Climate change, biodiversity loss and land desertification are three of the most serious global environmental challenges faced by humans. As these challenges involve global public goods, it is crucially important that the global society should strive to make synergies between the three most influential United Nations （UN） conventions, which are the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change （UNFCCC）, Convention on Biodiversity and the UN Convention to Combat Desertification （UNCCD）. This paper reviews the negotiation process under the three conventions, especially focusing on cross-boundary issues. By analyzing the focal concerns of main parties, this paper evaluates possible future scenarios on cross-boundary issues under the three conventions. The cross-boundary issues can be summarized in the following aspects： mitigation, adaptation, loss and damage, and strategic plans and initiatives. It will promote synergistic actions under three conventions based on the ecosystem approach. In the end, we propose the following strategies： （1） lead the negotiations of the cross-boundary issues initiatively; （2） construct and perfect the synergetic fulfillment mechanism of China; （3） improve the regional cooperation combining South–South Collaboration and the Belt and Road.