二程“理”学思想新探

A New Probe into the Neo-Confucianism Put forward by Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi

程颢和程颐创立了以"理"为最高范畴的思想体系,并以"理"去统摄或解释"天""天命""天道"和"性"等范畴。二程认为"理"有四特点:理"实",理"一",理"足",理"自然"。他们还以"理"去观照和解释自然界和人类社会的万事万物,从而使人们对事物的认识达到了前所未有的高度和深度。在此基础上,他们还提出了"明理"或"穷理"的思想,并强调人们身心和行为要合"理","与理为一"。这些思想在中国历史上产生了广泛而深远的影响。

Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi put forard a Neo-Confucianism philosophy of Li as its highest categor,then they subordi-nate HTianH （the Heaven）,” Ming”（the fate）,” Dao”（the way） ,” Xing”（ the human nature） to the philosophy of Li. They think that ”Li” has four characteristics： true,applicable to al l,completely,and natural. They also interpret everything from the view,point of “ Li” . They put forward the thought of ” investigating the very root of things” and ” understanding the very reason of things” , and empha-size one＇s heart or his behavior should accord “with ” Li” . These thoughts put forward by Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi brought about a great influence in Chinese history.