张之洞与盛宣怀铁路筹办策略异同评析

The Similarities and Differences Between Zhang Zhidong and Sheng Xuanhuai in the Strategy of Railway Preparation

清朝末年,张之洞和盛宣怀在筹建铁路干线方面的策略交替占据主导地位。在粤汉铁路筹建之初,盛宣怀倡导的"干线国有,借款筑路"之策成为官方主流意见。义和团运动爆发后,深知清廷民心基础已趋坍塌的张之洞则力主"干线商办,安抚民意"之策,甚至在其遗折中叮嘱慎行"借款筑路"之策。由于强行推进"干线国有""借款筑路"之策,不仅激化了社会矛盾,而且加速了清朝的灭亡。

At the end of the Qing Dynasty,Zhang Zhidong^s and Sheng Xuanhuai^s railway construction strategies alternately occu-pied the leading position. At the beginning of the establishment of Guangzhou - Hankou railway, Sheng Xuanhuai advocated ” state - ow,ned railw, ay” and ” loan to build railw, ay”,and the strategies became the official mainstream opinions. After the ” Boxer Movement”, Zhang Zhidong strongly advocated the strategies of n railway constructed by merchantsH and ” placate public opinion” .Zhang Zhidong knew that the popular foundation of Qing government had collapsed,so in the posthumous papers he stressed carefully implementing the strateg of ” loan to build railway” . But the Qing government enforced the strategies of ” state-owned railway” and ” loan to build rail-way” .The decision and actions intensified social contradictions and accelerated the pace of destruction.