怨气:情感社会学的阐释

Resentment: An Explanation from the Perspective of Sociology of Emotions

情感社会学视角下的"怨气"是指因利益受损、价值冲突或情感纠纷等导致个体情感正义受辱而产生报复心理的社会心理状态。负气的个体在互动过程中获得和积累情绪能量,使其认知高度情感化而削弱或丧失对行为后果的反思性,从而使得此情境下的行为脱离理性或物质利益的约束,出现极端性。怨气的产生、凝结与爆发,主要诉诸于社会情绪的渲染作用,而不是理性计算或程序引导,它受情感能量的驱使而不完全受理性的约束,其外化行为具有冲动性、突生性和不可预测性,容易受导火索事件的点燃而产生极端行为。如何提升社会成员的个体存在感、利益获得感和主观幸福感,在怨气爆发前进行主动化解,是良性社会心态建设和社会情感秩序建设的重要议题。

Taking the perspective of sociology of emotions, resentment is the social-psychological state occurred when one＇ s emotional justice is impaired because of interest losses, value conflicts, or emotional entanglements that lead to vengeful intention. Indignant individuals acquire and accumulate emotional power in the social interaction, which emotionalizes one ＇ s cognition and undermines or even lose one＇ s reflectiveness on consequences. Thus, behaviors within this social context go beyond the bound of rationality or physical interests and become polarized. The occurrence, condensation and erup- tion of resentment are boosted by the exaggeration effect of emotions, but not by rational calculation or procedure requirements. It is driven by emotion power and is not totally constrained by rationality, which may lead to impulsive, emergent, and unpredictable consequent behaviors that are easily ignited by fuse events and then turn into extreme behaviors. To construct a harmonious social mentality and emotional order, it is important to enhance individuals＇ sense of existence, sense of material gain, and subjective happiness to positively defuse resentment before its explosion.