本土资源与苏联模板——关于中国计划经济起源的讨论

Native Resources and the Soviet Template:A Discussion on the Origins of the Chinese Planned Economy

20世纪三四十年代,计划经济思想曾是中国主流思潮。基于这种背景,新中国成立后搞计划经济和大工业有着广泛的社会认同;而民国留下的国家资本占主导的混合经济,也为走上全面计划经济轨道提供了初始条件。但无论思想来源还是体制特征,国共两党实行的计划经济不是一回事。每个时代的普遍观念都是对历史大事件的回应。当年普遍的计划经济思潮,是对西方大萧条和苏联快速工业化的回应;而今天普遍认同了市场经济,则是经历了长期计划经济实践后得出的认识。按照迄今的人类经验,市场经济是不可替代的,包罗万象的计划经济是行不通的,中国现阶段主要任务是如何继续推进市场化改革的问题。然而,当年思想界普遍关注的问题并没有永久地成为过去,中国在市场化改革进程中不可无视社会的公平正义。

In the 1930s and 1940s, the idea of a planned economy was a mainstream trend in China. Based on this background, implementation of the planned economy and large-scale industry after the founding of New China received widespread social attention. The remnants of the Republic of China＇ s mixed economy dominated by na- tional capital supplied the initial conditions for implementing a comprehensive planned economy system. In other words, the fact that China was able to introduce a planned economy was based on both the Soviet template and the native resources. In general, every era represents a response to historic events. The idea of the planned economy during this period was a response to the Great Depression in the West and the rapid modernization in the Soviet Union. However, the market economy that is today widely accepted was recognized after the long-term practice of a planned economy. According to experience thus far, the market economy will be irreplaceable, and an all-em- bracing planned economy does not work. The main task for China at this stage is to determine how to continue to promote the market reforms, while at the same continuing to pay attention to social fairness and justice.