论胎儿的民事权利能力及权利实现机制

On the Capacity of Civil Rights and the Realization Mechanism of Fetus

法律上的胎儿是指自受孕时开始至出生时为止的胚胎,冷冻胚胎不是胎儿,胎儿是具有民事权利能力的民事主体。胎儿的民事权利能力具有附法定解除条件的性质,在胎儿娩出时为死体的,胎儿的民事权利能力溯及于受孕时自始不存在。胎儿的民事权利能力仅指依法享有民事权利的能力,不包括民事义务能力。胎儿是无民事行为能力人,应建立胎儿监护制度。胎儿具有当事人能力,可为原告与被告。胎儿人身权利和财产权利的实现由其监护人代为进行。当胎儿娩出时为死体的,其已经实现的民事权利应当进行法效回复。

The law of the fetus refers to the beginning of the time from conception to the birth of the embryo, frozen embryo is not a fetus, the fetus is a civil subject with the capacity for civil fights. The capacity for civil fights of fetus has the nature of legal re- scission terms, in the delivery of the fetus is dead, the capacity for civil fights of fetus in pregnancy when the retroactive effect does not exist from the beginning. The capacity for civil rights of the fetus refers only to the ability to enjoy civil fights in accord- ance with the law, and does not include the capacity for civil obligations. Fetus is a person with no capacity for civil conduct, the establishment of fetal monitoring system. The fetus has the capacity of the parties, the plaintiff and the defendant. The realization of human rights and property fights of fetus is carried out by their guardians. When the fetus is dead, the realization of civil rights shall carry out the effective method of recovery.