公民代理民事诉讼的法理反思及制度完善

A Jurisprudential Reflection and the System Improvement of Citizen Representatives in Civil Actions

从法理上讲,民事诉讼中的委托代理是民事代理与诉讼程序的结合,其既具有民事代理所要求的合意性,也具有诉讼程序所要求的司法性。公民可否作为诉讼中的委托代理人,考量的核心因素在于司法性对合意性的规制。从普遍性的合意自由代理到限制性的公民代理,实质上是将代理关系从当事人与代理人之间的私法关系上升至国家诉讼程序的司法关系。我国《民事诉讼法》对公民代理人的规定,纯粹以身份划范围,以专业性等同司法性,与诉讼程序司法性的要求并不契合,应当予以改进。

The entrusted agency in civil actions is a combination of civil agency and legal proceedings, and it corresponds with the free desirability required by the civil agency as well as the judicature required by the legal proceedings. The core consideration factor of whether the citizen may act as the representative in litigation lies in the judicature ＇ s regulation on the free desirability. From the universal free desirability agency to the restrictive citizen agency, the nature is to change the agency relationship from private law relationship between the litigant and the agent to judicial relationship in national legal proceedings. The provisions of citizen representative in China＇ s Civil Procedure Law purely differentiates the category based on the identity and identifies professional to judicature, which do not correspond to the demands of judicature in legal proceedings and should be improved.