优秀男子赛艇运动员水上和测功仪拉桨中肌肉活动特征的比较研究

A Comparative Study on Muscular Work Characteristics of Pulling in Rowing and Ergometer of Elite Male Rower

运用表面肌电测试和同步摄像方法,结合功能解剖学知识,对优秀男子单人双桨赛艇运动员水上与测功仪2 000 m测试中主要肌肉的活动特征进行研究,分析其内在规律和机理并比较两者之间肌肉活动的差异。结果显示:1)水上和测功仪拉桨中主要做功肌肉激活时序存在差异,水上拉桨时大部分做功肌肉的激活时间存在不同程度的提前,而躯干竖脊肌激活时间有所延迟。2)水上和测功仪拉桨中主要做功肌肉活动的峰值时序一致,与测功仪相比,水上拉桨阶段主要做功肌肉峰值时值均提前,推桨阶段的做功肌肉峰值时值有所延后;水上拉桨开始阶段的蹬腿、躯干倒体环节的做功肌肉从激活到峰值的用时和持续时间比例均减少,而拉桨后段以及推桨阶段大部分做功肌肉从激活到峰值的用时和持续时间比例均增加。3)水上和测功仪拉桨中,主要做功肌肉的放电量和贡献率等存在不同程度的差异;水上拉桨时背部肌肉的作用更加明显,而测功仪拉桨时躯干和手臂肌肉的作用更加明显,提示两者肌肉活动不一致,协调模式不同。结论:水上和测功仪拉桨的运动模式基本一致,但两者之间肌肉协调模式存在差别,水上拉桨时肌肉用力方式更为复杂,而测功仪训练作为重要的陆上专项模拟训练手段,应更加强调技术的规范性。

By using the methods of SEMG with synchronous imaging and combining functional ana- tomical knowledge, this paper analyzed the men＇ s single sculls rowers in rowing and ergometer test- ing main working muscles activity characteristics and reveals the difference. The results showed that 1 ） Main working of muscle in rowing and ergometer pulling the activation time and sequence in dif- ferences, activation time of the most working muscles on rowing pulling exist in advance in different degree, and the trunk of erector spinae muscle activation time delays. 2） Main working of muscle in rowing and ergometer pulling the activation sequence in consistent, However, in rowing pulling stage, the working muscles peak time in advance, in pushing stage the working muscles peak time have delayed; in rowing pulling starting stage, the working muscles from activation to peak time and activity duration time rate were reduced, After a half the pulling and pushing stage the working muscles from activation to peak time and activity duration time rate were increased. 3 ） The working of muscle in rowing and ergometer pulling the discharge amount and contribution rate have some difference, The role of the back muscle is more attention when in rowing, and the role of the trunk and arm muscles is more attention when in ergometer pulling, muscle activity and the coordination modes have difference. Conclusion： rowing and ergometer pull paddle movement pattern is basically the same, but there are differences between the two models of muscle coordination. Rowing pull paddle is more complex, ergometer exercise as an important land-based special simulation training methods should be more emphasis on the technical normative.