论政府监护理论在我国的确立及其制度构建

On the Establishment and Institutional Construction of the Theory of Parens Patriae in China

依据政府监护理论,在欠缺行为能力人没有合适监护人,或者其监护人无能力履行或未恰当履行监护责任时,政府应当承担起监护职责。随着民法的社会化及行政救助理论的发展,为应对保障人权的需要,我国作为社会主义公有制国家,也应确立这一理论。国外政府监护的成功经验与我国政府监护的现实需要,都要求我国应当重构政府监护制度。具体而言,必须扩大政府监护对象的范围,明确代表政府承担监护责任的人,明确不同情形下政府监护的方式和政府监护责任的内容,规范政府监护机制的启动程序,明确政府监护人的法律责任,并在政府监护人不履行监护义务时建立任何人可以代替被监护人提起诉讼的制度。

According to the theory of parens patriae, when incapacitated people have no eligi- ble guardians or their guardians are incapable or incompetent to assume the guardianship responsibil- ity, a government should bear the guardianship responsibility. With the socialization of civil law and the development of administrative assistance, our country as a socialist state with public ownership should establish the theory of parens patriae in response to the assurance of human rights. The suc- cessful experiences of parens patriae in foreign countries and our practical needs for parens patriae require our country to reconstruct the system of parens patriae. Specifically speaking , it is necessary to extend the object scope of patens patriae, determine guardians who assume guardianship responsi- bility on behalf of the government, define the methods and responsibilities of parens patriae under different situations, stipulate legal responsibilities of a government guardian, and establish a system in case of a government guardian＇ s failure to undertake its guardianship responsibility where anyone can take the place of a person under guardianship to file a lawsuit.