“后真相时代”社交网络的信任异化现象研究

A Study on the Phenomenon of Trust Alienation in Social Network in Post-truth Era

"后真相时代"出现了许多前所未有的社会问题,其中社交网络中的信任危机尤为突出。信任异化渐渐成为这一时代的政治现实困境。本文认为,信任异化是由政治不信任演化来的一种社会逆反心理,呈现为无原则信任和强迫性不信任两种表现形态。信任异化源自现代性背景下的信任焦虑、互联网政治中系统信任的解体和后现代状况下道德与情感信任的变异。它将导致谣言认同、网络犬儒主义和民粹式政治等消极后果。社交网络的信任重建需要多头并进,重视信任与不信任的结构调整,提升制度性设计强化强制性公共信任,实现信任异化的自我纠正,同时通过对公共信任的培育,改善网络信任的基础。

In post-truth era, many unprecedented social problems appear in social networks, es- pecially the trust crisis, in which the trust alienation is turning into a realistic predicament nowa- days. This article argues that the trust alienation is a sort of social reverse psychology evolved from political distrust, which presents in two ways： unprincipled trust and compulsive distrust. Trust al- ienation rooted in trust anxiety in the context of modernity, disintegration of system trust in interuet politics, and variation of moral and emotional trust in the postmodern context. It will cause negative consequences such as identification of rumor, network cynicism and populist political movement. The reconstruction of trust in social network needs combination of different aspects： pay more atten- tion to the structural adjustment of trust and distrust; enhance the trust by systematic design ; guide the netizens to self-correct the trust alienation. Meanwhile, the atmosphere of network trust should be improved by cultivating public trust.