生态危机中的自然价值探讨——基于马克思价值范畴的反思

A Discussion on Natural Value in Ecological Crisis——Based on Rethinking the Value Category of Marx

当前,生态危机已严重威胁到人类的生存与发展,随着人类环保意识的加强,各种绿色运动方兴未艾,并且,理论界也已深入到价值层面去分析生态问题。通过纵向考察各种主流自然价值理论的嬗变过程,我们发现它们都具有一定的局限性,因此必须立足于马克思价值范畴对生态问题加以分析。马克思的价值思想不仅体现了自然价值的历史唯物主义维度,并且将自然的价值蕴含于需要价值的辩证运动之中。只有认识到劳动自身成为自由人的第一需要时,我们才能从真正意义上理解自然的价值,并形成对生态问题的正确认识,也才能使生态危机得到合理解决。

Currently, ecological crisis has threatened the survival and the development of mankind seriously. With the enhancement of human environmental consciousness, a variety of green movements are in the ascendant, and the theoretical circles have also gone deep into the value level to analyze ecological problems. Through the longitudinal study of the evolution process of the mainstream theory of natural value, we have found that they all have some limitiations. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the ecological problems based on the value categroy of Marx. The value thoughts of Marx not only embodies the natural value from the historical materialism, but also makes the natural value be contained in the dialectical movement of needs value. Only when it comes to the first need of labor itself to be a free man, can we understand the value of nature in the true sense. And with forming a correct understanding of ecological problems, the ecological crisis can be solved legitimately.