论政治经济学内部的学科结构

Research on the Internal Disciplinary Structure of Political Economics

中国的社会主义政治经济学发展较为迟缓,流行的政治经济学教科书从理论框架和基本理论来说,还没有摆脱苏联科学院经济研究所20世纪50年代初期编写的《政治经济学教科书》(以下简称《教科书》)即苏联范式的束缚。政治经济学内部的学科关系相当混乱:把西方经济学看作是与政治经济学并列的二级学科;把政治经济学等同于马克思主义经济学;把《教科书》等于马克思主义经济学。如果不理清政治经济学内部的学科结构关系,中国的政治经济学就不可能迅速发展。西方经济学并不是与政治经济学对应的二级学科。把西方经济学与政治经济学看作是理论经济学内并立的两个二级学科,是一个误解,甚至可以说是一个十分可笑的经济学笑话。马克思主义经济学只是政治经济学学科内的一个流派,西方经济学也是政治经济学学科内的一个流派,马克思主义经济学和西方经济学是政治经济学内并立的两大流派,这从学术上考虑是完全成立的。要提高马克思主义经济学的学术地位,具体办法是把西方经济学从二级学科降到三级学科。只有这样,马克思主义经济学才能与西方经济学处于并立的学术研究地位。这样做有利于处理和正确对待马克思主义经济学与西方经济学的关系,有利于处理马克思主义经济学、西方经济学与政治经济学乃至与理论经济学的关系。重建马克思主义政治经济学的关键,一是要摆脱西方经济学的束缚,二是要摆脱以《教科书》为代表的斯大林经济学的束缚,或者说要突破苏联范式。中国的改革开放实践已经突破了苏联范式,中国的理论经济学研究突破政治经济学理论上的苏联范式也指日可待。

The development of socialist political economics in China is relatively slow,and the prevalent textbook of it has not got rid of the constraint of The Textbook of Political Economics edited by the economic institute of Soviet Academy of Science in the 1950s from the basic theory and theoretical structure.The internal disciplinary relations of political economics are in disorder:taking the western economics as a grade-2 discipline paralleling with political economics;regarding political economics the same as Marxist economics;and taking The Textbook of Political Economics as Marxist economics.If the internal disciplinary relations of pollical economics are not made clear,it cannot develop rapidly in China in the future.Taking the western economics as a grade-2 discipline paralleling with political economics in theoretical economics is a big mistake,which can even be seen as a very funny economical joke.Marxist economics is just a school of political economics,so is the western economics,and we can see them as the two big compatible schools within political economics.To improve the status of Marxist economics,we can only degrade the western economics from a grade-2 discipline to a grade-3 discipline;thus,Marxist economics can get the same academic research status with the western economics.This degrading is good for us to deal with the relations of Marxist economics,the western economics,political economics and theoretical economics.There are two keys to reconstruct Marxist political economics,one is to get rid of the constraint of the western economics and the other one is to break through the Soviet paradigm.As the practice of China's reform and openness has broken through the Soviet paradigm,the breakthrough of theoretical economic research can be expected soon.