多维贫困视角下金融扶贫的国际经验比较:机理、政策、实践

Comparison of the Worldwide Experience in Financial Poverty Alleviation from the Perspective of Multidimensional Poverty:A Survey of Literature

金融扶贫是中国进入扶贫攻坚阶段重要的扶贫手段之一。在多维贫困视角下,金融手段可以缓解贫困人群的收入贫困和能力贫困。从金融机构的规模、数量、组织形式以及不同金融工具的特征与优势两条主线出发,对国内外金融扶贫的经验进行比较分析,结论如下:"小银行优势"在信息技术的冲击下逐步下降,大银行和小银行在扶贫中各具优势;参与扶贫的机构并非越多越好,强制性数量扩张很可能会带来资源浪费;合作制金融相较商业性金融与扶贫更为契合。从工具的角度,各类金融产品在解决信息与成本问题以及能力贫困上各具优势。因此,金融扶贫不应仅仅局限于小额信贷等传统手段,还应积极利用以移动运营商为主导的手机银行、农业价值链金融等各种创新金融工具。

Financial poverty alleviation is one important means to combat poverty as China embraces the period of poverty alleviation.Under the perspective of multidimensional poverty,the income and capability poverty of the poor can be alleviated by virtue of financial instruments.With the size,number and organizational form of financial institutions and the advantages as well as features possessed by different kinds of financial products as two main clues,this paper makes an analysis of the experience in poverty alleviation at home and abroad,the conclusions are listed as follows:due to the impact of information technology,'small bank advantage'declines gradually while large and small banks both have their respective advantages in poverty alleviation;the more financial institutions involved in poverty alleviation does not always bear better fruits,on the contrary,mandatory financial expansion in number is likely to lead to resource waste;compared with commercial finance institutions,cooperative finance institutions get along better with poverty alleviation.From the perspective of financial products,various kinds of financial products have their advantages dealing with the problem caused by information and cost and maintaining the continuity on operating of the institution.Therefore,in addition to the traditional means like microfinance,financial poverty alleviation should also actively use the various innovative financial tools such as mobile banking and agricultural financial value chain.