百龄与嘉庆十四年(1809)广东筹办海盗方略

Bai-ling (百龄) and the Planning of Guangdong Pirate Policy in 1809

嘉庆十四年(1809)前后广东当局筹办海盗方略的展开,是朝廷、地方政府作为直接决策者和各级官僚士绅作为间接决策者之间协商、竞争和合作的结果。当时之策略拟定和执行过程包含了来自朝廷和地方社会的多元政治互动,反映出时局、人事和政策的复杂纠葛。百龄治盗政策的核心是厉行封港海禁,包含"禁船出洋"和"盐归陆运"两项主要举措。构成这一政策的知识来源:一是朝廷坚壁清野的指导思想;二是熟悉地方事务的各级官僚士绅的建言献策。封港海禁政策自酝酿之初就极具争议性,其得以顺利推进的关键,不仅在于百龄个人的悉心筹划,同样重要的是朝廷自始至终直接参与了地方事务的策略拟定。

The pirate policy introduced by the Guangdong authorities was the result of consultation,competition and cooperation among the imperial court,local government and gentries in 1809.The formulation and implementation of the pirate policy at that time included the political interaction between the court and the local society,which reflected the complexity of the current situation.The core of Bai-ling Pirate Policy was closing the ports,and the source of knowledge for the policy was the combination of the imperial court's guiding ideology and the local gentry's advices.The key to the smooth implementation of the policy was that the imperial court directly participated in the guidance of local affairs from beginning to end.