天然气运移有机-无机地球化学示踪指标——以四川盆地川西坳陷侏罗系气藏为例

Tracing natural gas migration by integrating organic and inorganic geochemical data: A case study of the Jurassic gas fields in western Sichuan Basin, SW China

以四川盆地川西坳陷侏罗系气藏作为研究实例,通过分析天然气组分和碳同位素组成特征,结合地层水化学特征、储集层中自生矿物碳、氧同位素组成以及流体包裹体特征,提出了C_1/C_2值、N_2含量、芳烃/烷烃值、甲烷碳同位素组成、地层水矿化度及水化学特征参数、储集层中自生方解石碳氧同位素组成、含烃盐水包裹体均一温度及盐度等指示天然气运移相态、运移方向和运移路径的有机-无机地球化学示踪指标,并对天然气的运移过程及机制进行了探讨。研究表明,川西坳陷中侏罗统天然气以水溶相运移为主,随着运移脱溶过程的进行表现出苯/烷烃值增大、甲烷碳同位素组成变重的趋势,同时具有气藏伴生地层水矿化度较低、含气砂岩中自生方解石的碳氧同位素组成偏轻、含烃盐水包裹体均一温度高且盐度较低等特征;上侏罗统天然气则以游离相运移为主。结合区域地质以及水溶气脱溶成藏过程中的相态演化等方面的研究,证明提出的有机-无机地球化学示踪指标可对川西坳陷侏罗系天然气的运移方向及路径进行有效的判识。

Based on the integrated geochemical and isotopic analysis of natural gases, formation waters, authigenic minerals, and fluid inclusions, a set of organic and inorganic geochemical tracing parameters, including methane/ethane ratio （C1/C2）, N2 content, arene/alkane ratio, carbon isotope of methane （δ13C1, total dissolved solids （TDS） and chemistry of formation water, oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of authigenic calcite cement （δ18Ocalcite and δ13Ccalcite）, and homogenization temperature and salinity of hydrocarbon- bearing brine inclusions, have been proposed to indicate the phase, direction, and pathway of natural gas migration and to discuss the migration processes and mechanisms of the Jurassic hydrocarbon in western Sichuan. This study results reveal that the Middle Jurassic gas in western Sichuan depression mainly migrated in water-dissolving phase and had the characteristics of increase of arene/alkane ratio and δ13C1, decrease of TDS, light δ18Ocalcite and δ13Ccalcite in gas-bearing sands, and high homogenization temperature and low salinity of hydrocarbon-bearing brine inclusions, while the Upper Jurassic gas primarily migrated in free gas phase. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the migration directions and pathways of the Jurassic gases in western Sichuan can be investigated effectively by applying multiple organic and inorganic geochemical tracing parameters, in combination with the study results of geological setting and phase state evolution of water-dissolved gases during desolubilization and accumulation.