页岩储集层岩心水化作用实验

Experiments on shale reservoirs plugs hydration

采用滇黔北昭通地区下志留统龙马溪组主力页岩产层岩心,利用核磁共振和CT扫描技术,在围压10 MPa条件下开展岩心水化实验,研究水化作用对页岩储集层岩心孔隙-裂缝结构的影响。结果表明:页岩岩心水化作用不但抵消了由应力敏感引起的渗透率降低,且由于孔隙-裂缝结构扩张、新微细裂缝的产生以及缝间交会,增加了岩心裂缝复杂程度、孔隙-裂缝体积及其连通性,提升了岩心渗透率;水化损伤主要沿层理或原始裂缝发育方向延伸;水化作用对孔隙-裂缝结构较为发育的岩心影响最显著,而对孔隙-裂缝结构发育程度很高的岩心影响相对较小,对纯孔隙型岩心影响最小;页岩岩心水化作用强度受孔隙-裂缝发育程度、黏土矿物含量、脆性指数共同影响。建议根据页岩储集层物性特征,在改造过程中通过设计泵注模式、关井或小油嘴控排等措施优化返排制度,提升改造裂缝复杂程度及其连通性,增强储集层体积改造效果。

By using nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） and CT scanning technologies, hydration experiments have been conducted on shale samples from the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Zhaotong area in North Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces under the confining pressure of 10 MPa to study the effect of hydration on the propagation of pores and natural fractures in shale formation. The results show that the hydration not only offsets the permeability drop caused by stress sensitivity, but makes the fracture network more complicated, the connection between fractures and pores better with larger volume, and permeability higher by facilitating the dilation, propagation and cross-connection of primary pores, natural fractures, and newly created micro-fissures; hydration damage mainly occurs along the bedding plane or the direction of primary fractures; samples with relatively-developed primary pores and fractures are most affected by hydration, samples with well-developed primary pores and natural fractures are less affected by hydration, samples with only pores are least affected by hydration; and the hydration intensity of shale plugs is affected by the development of primary pores and fractures, clay content and brittleness index jointly. Therefore, in shale reservoir stimulation, it is suggested that the pumping schedule, shut-in operation or clean-up with small choke during early flow-back process be considered according to the features of shale reservoir to enhance the complexity and connection of facture network and improve the stimulation effect.