古代日本汉文对汉语典故词的吸收与改造

The Assimilation and Semantic Transformation of Chinese Allusion Words in Japanese Kanbun

日本中古、中世汉文中吸收了大量汉语典故词,由于长期习用,一部分典故词在日本文献中会发生语义泛化、去典故化等各种迂曲变化,以致与汉语中的原型渐行渐远。但它们的演变是以汉语的形式和语义为原点,不能脱离与汉语源头的关系。在探讨汉语典故词的历时演变时,日本汉文是很好的补充佐证材料。

Large numbers of Chinese allusion words were absorbed in ancient Japanese Kanbun. Allusion words borrowed from Chinese, when habitually used in Japanese, will experience a series of changes including semantic extension and bleaching of allusion meaning. As a result, the meaning will become more and more different from the prototype meaning in Chinese. On the other hand, the evolutions are all based on its formal and semantic origin in Chinese so that cannot be separate from their prototype in Chinese. In view of this, it is rational to conclude that Japanese Kanbun can provide abundant lingual data for the study of ancient Chinese allusion words.