自主创新、技术引进与产业结构升级——基于外部性视角的省级面板数据的实证分析

Independent Innovation,Technology Import and Industrial Structure Upgrading——Empirical Analysis Based on the Provincial Panel Data from the Perspective of Externality

中国正处于经济由高速增长转向中高速增长的增速换挡期,为了消化前期刺激性的宏观经济政策,此时期的重要任务是经济结构调整,供给侧改革是进行结构调整的主攻方向,创新是供给侧改革的重点所在,是我国产业结构升级的重要途径之一。创新有两种选择路径:一种是内源式的发展路径,主要方式是通过自主创新;另一种是外源式的创新路径,主要方式是技术引进,不同的技术创新方式,对产业结构,特别是产业结构的合理化和高级化都会产生不同的影响。在中国经济发展的过程中,国有企业作为重要的市场参与主体,在促进技术创新,特别是自主创新进而优化产业结构方面有一定的正外部性效应,研究基于外部性的视角,运用中国2000~2014年的面板数据,分析自主创新、技术引进对产业结构升级的影响,研究发现:自主创新能促进中国产业结构高级化,并促进产业结构的均衡发展,技术引进对产业结构高级化具有负向影响,而对产业结构合理化的影响效应不确定,国有企业通过创新的外部性机制,通过自主创新和技术引进能间接促进产业结构的合理化,对高级化的影响效应有限。

The economy of China is shining from rapid growth to medium -high economic growth. In order to digest the macroeconomic policies carried out before, structure adjustment is an important task at present and the structural reform of the supply front is the main direction of structure adjustment. Innovation is the key of the reform of the supply front, and it is one of the important ways to upgrade industrial structure in China. There are two paths of innovation. One is the endogenous path with the main way of independent innovation, and the other is the exogenous path with technology import as the main pattern. Different ways of technological innovation produce different impact on the industrial structure, especially the rationalization and level upgrading of in- dustrial structure. In the process of economic development in China, state - owned enterprises as the important market subject, has certain positive externality effect in promoting technological in- novation, particularly in terms of using independent innovation to optimize the industrial structure. Based on the perspective of externality and by using the panel data of China from 2000 to 2014, the paper analyzes the impact of independent innovation and technology import on industrial struc- ture upgrading. The study shows that independent innovation can promote the level upgrading of China＇s industrial structure, and promote the balanced development of the industrial structure. Technological import has a negative influence on the level ng of industrial structure, and its impact on the rationalization of industrial structure is uncertain. Through the externality of innova- tion mechanism, state - owned enterprises can indirectly promote the rationalization of industrial structure through independent innovation and technological import, but the effect on the level up- grading of industrial structure is limited.