南京国民政府时期的法庭调解:制度与实践——基于龙泉司法档案的考察

The Court Mediation during the Nanjing National Government:Institution and Practice——A study based on Longquan Judicial Archives

南京国民政府创设了法庭调解制度,相比传统中国的官方调处,其有着近代化的制度特征,在主体、场所、强制性、程序诸方面都表现出规范化的路径取向。龙泉司法档案收录的案卷则展现了实际生活中该制度的运行状况及其效果,带来对法庭调解制度的微观、中观、宏观三个层面的观察。在微观层面,法庭调解制度在龙泉县取得了不错的效果,有着相对较高的调解成功率,并在不同类型的案件中呈现不同的效果。在中观层面,法庭调解实践反映出场域对制度的实践及其效果的达成有着重要的影响。在宏观层面,对法庭调解制度实践的分析揭示了制度与实践的关系问题只有置于国家与社会的关系框架中才能被更深刻地理解。

During the time of Nanjing National Government,legislators created an institution named court mediation. Compared to the transitional Chinese official mediation,the court mediation had significant modern institutional characteristics,such as subject,place,compulsion,procedure and so on. Longquan judicial archives showed the operation and effect of court mediation in people＇s actual life,and brought us to observe court mediation in three levels. Firstly,at the micro level,court mediation achieved good results,it had a relatively high of success rate,and showed different results in different types of cases in Longquan county. Secondly,at the meso-level,the practice of the court mediation reflected that the operating field had important influence on the practice and results of institution. Thirdly,at the macro level,the analysis of the practice of court mediation institutiorn revealed that the relationship between institution and practice can be more deeply understood in the framework of the relationship between state and society.