长春市医疗设施空间格局与演变特征

Spatial Evolution Character of Medical Facilities in Changchun City

以长春市中心城区2002、2008和2014年的综合医院和社区医院为例,综合运用圈层分析法、核密度估计法、平均最邻近指数测度法、标准差椭圆分析法等GIS模型,讨论了长春市中心城区医疗设施的空间格局与演变特征。结果表明:医疗设施建设仍以城市核心区集聚为主,综合医院呈现"单核心"空间结构。社区医院"多核心"空间结构已经形成,空间分布日趋均衡;从空间集聚程度看,医疗设施分布呈现显著的空间集聚特征,研究时段内医疗设施空间集聚程度不断提高;从空间扩散速度看,医疗设施用地与居住用地的比值在"二环"以外逐年下降,表明医疗设施外围建设严重滞后;从空间扩散方向看,医疗设施与居住用地扩散方向整体存在一定的空间"错位"问题,医疗设施尤其是综合医院扩散方向与居住用地相比更偏东南方向。

Urban medical facilities are the city＇s security facilities, this paper focuses on the central city of Changchun. Using GIS software of layers of analysis, kernel density estimation method, mean adjacent index measure method and standard deviation ellipse analysis, we explore the spatial evolution character of general hospitals and community hospitals from 2002 to 2014. The results show that： The spatial pattern of medical facilities is still concentrated in the core area; the general hospital presents the ＂single core＂ spatial structure. The community hospital＇s ＂multi-core＂ spatial structure has been formed. The spatial distribution of medical facilities is becoming more and more balanced. From the spatial agglomeration degree, the distribution of medical facilities showed significant spatial agglomeration characteristics, and the spatial agglomeration degree of medical facilities increased during the study period; From the spatial diffusion velocity, the ratio of medical facilities land to residential land decreased year by year, the ratio of medical facilities land to residential land decreased year by year in the ＂second ring＂, which indicated that the serious lag of medical facilities; From spatial diffusion direction, medical facilities and residential land spread direction global existence ＂dislocation＂, in particular, compared with the residential land, the diffusion direction of general hospital is more southeast.