近十五年来中国海洋鱼类学的研究概况

PROGRESS OF CHINESE MARINE ICHTHYOLOGY IN THE LAST 15 YEARS

鱼类学是一门发展较早的学科,从1738年瑞典阿梯弟(P.Artedi)的《鱼类学》问世至今,已有两个半世纪了。我国在1936年出版了陈兼善、费鸿年合著的《鱼类学》,到现在也有50多年了。各国学者对鱼类学的研究都非常重视。已初步查明世界现存鱼类有20000多种,约12000种生活在海洋里。我国的鱼类记载有2800多种,其中海产的约有2160种。1990年全球捕捞的海洋鱼类达7.070×10~7t,其中我国为4.31×10~6t。我国学者先后对海洋鱼类进行了大量的研究工作,新中国成立后30年的海洋鱼类学研究概况,已由成庆泰(1981)作了简述。本文仅对近十五年来我国的鱼类学研究概况进行综合论述。

Since 1978, studies on marine ichthyology have developed, vigorously in China in the fields of morphology, taxonomy, natural ecology, experimental ecology, applied ecology, physiology, cytology and breeding.Marine fish ecology, as a central research field, has been studied systematically in ecological surveys of early stage fish and commercial fishes, fish ecological experiments and applied ecology couducted in the coastal waters and the area around islands and reefs. The relationships among distribution of egg, larva, juvenile concentration, ecological factors, spawning ground, nursery ground, have been demonstrated. The population structure, reproduction, feeding, feature of migration, fishing grounds, fishing seasons and resource dynamic state of about 1 000 commercial value species have been ascertained.Advanced technology was taken advantage of some researches. For example, the trophic dynamic method was used to evaluate the fish production (4th trophic level) in the Bohai, Yellow, East and South China Seas, acoustic methods were uaed to estimate the resources of Engraulis japonicus in the Yellow and East China Seas overwintering ground, satellite remote sensing technigues were used to predict the fishing season and central fishing ground of Japanese pilchard.The complete set of methods for parent fish culture and fingering breeding have been established and improved progressively. Foreign species, such as turbot and red drum, have been introduced into our country and are being acclimatized. Experiments on restocking 7 species and artificial fishing reefs along our coastal area were carried out.Morphologic and toxonomic studies on marine fish focused on systematic dissection of important families and representative species. Some new ideas were suggested for systematic taxonomy (by using biochemical identification). About 30 new species I have been published and summed up in systematic search of Chinese fish speciesMuch has been achieved in successful studies on fish behaviour, fish physiology, fish cytology, fish breeding, etc.