阿德雷企鹅声信号特征初步研究

Preliminary Study of.Sound Signal Characteristics of Pygoscelis Adeliae

企鹅是南极生物的代表,约有1.2亿只,其中阿德雷企鹅的种群最大,约占其总数量的1／3,主要分布在南极大陆东部和南极半岛及其沿岸岛屿。 南极鸟类发出的声信号是它们集群、行动、繁殖、辨认配偶及幼子、抚育后代和防御外来侵害保卫自己的重要功能之一。中外学者分别对南极某些鸟类的生态行为和发声信号进行了研究,并取得较好的研究成果(Taylor et al.,1990;张春光等,1991;程明华等,1992,1993;Kerry et al,1993)。

This paper based sound signal data recorded in the Antartic, reports preliminary results of study on the sound signal characteristics of various acoustical behaviours of the penguin Pygoscelis Adeliae.A Pygoscelis Adeliae emits different acoustical signals consisting of a series of pulses and continuous wave. Among these, the signal 'ea' of a male penguin and 'a' of a juvenile penguin are all composed of pulses, the signals 'ji' of an infant penguin; 'a' of a juvenile penguin and 'ga' of an adult penguin all consist of a series of pulses, and the signal 'a' of an adult penguin taking care of some juvenile penguins is composed of continuous waves.The sound signals of penguins are characterized by obvious life stage variation, i.e., the sound signal frequencies are different in different age penguins. The signal frequency of a juvenile penguin ranges from 3 025.8 Hz to 4 294 Hz and the spectrum crest mainly concentrates at 4.2 kHz. The signal frequency of an infant penguin ranges from 1 131 Hz to 2 030 Hz,and the spectrum crests appear at 1.5 kHz、1.6 kHz and 1.9 kHz, respectively. The signal frequency of an adult penguin ranges from 692.9 Hz to 1 942.4 Hz and the spectrum crest mainly concentrates at 1-1.5 kHz and are lower than those of the juvenile and infant penguins.A penguin emits a kind of special signal under unusual condition. The signal frequency of a hurt juvenile penguin is 2535-2769 Hz and the spectrum crest occurs at 2.6 kHz,higher than that of a juvenile in usual condition.A Pygoscelis Adeliae can distinguish its partner and 'children' through sound signals.