我国儿童青少年身体活动与久坐行为模式特征的研究

The Patterns of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Chinese Children and Adolescents

基于身体活动流行病学的研究范式,考察我国儿童青少年身体活动与久坐行为模式的特征和规律,从个人与家庭环境两个方面识别活动行为与运动益处认知、家长支持之间的潜在关系。主要采用经过信效度检验的适用于儿童青少年的身体活动、久坐行为、运动益处认知和家长支持环境问卷,针对我国上海、重庆、山东、福建、安徽、内蒙古等6个省(区、市)的18 242名8~18岁中小学生开展大面积的调研。探索我国儿童青少年身体活动、久坐行为模式的分布特征,总结的主要特点包括:1)女生身体活动水平随年龄增长而持续下降,而男生则表现为相对平稳的波动变化;2)男、女均具有严重的久坐行为,并表现出波浪式的"S型"的年龄变化特征,且与活动水平之间并非"此消彼长"的线性关系;3)男、女生获得的家长支持均随年龄增长而持续降低,而运动益处认知水平随年龄增长而持续提高,且均为女生高于男生;4)较高的家长支持与高活动水平的年龄变化特征一致,但积极的运动认知并未发现直接促进活动水平提升的作用。

This study conducts an epidemiological investigation to understand the distribution of physical activity and sedentary behavior among Chinese children and adolescents from the per- spective of physical activity epidemiology. On the base, study further examines the relations among physical activity, sedentary behavior, social support from parents, exercise benefits at the individual and family level, questionnaires and scales PAQ, ASAQ, ACTS-MG, EBBS are used. Total 18424 students （51.9% boys, 49.1% girls） aged 8-18 years old are collected from six provinces （Shanghai, Chongqing, Shandong, Fujian, Anhui, Inner Mongolia） across China. The study demonstrate that 1 ） level of physical activity for girls is decreasing with age but male is not; 2） Sedentary behavior is increasing among children and adolescents in China, but gender difference is not found in the data- base. Especially, youths who is physically active every day still has much sitting time; 3 ） girls obtain stronger social support from parents than boys in all age group and scores are decreasing with age for boys and girls, girls have more positive cognition on exercise benefits than boys in all age group. However, exercise benefits become more negative with age for both of boys and girls. PA level are increasing by increasing scores of social support, but not for exercise benefits cognition.