体育运动与人格三大研究主题述评及展望

The Innovative Research Themes of Sport and Personality:Comment and Prospect

体育运动与人格是体育领域的经典问题之一,也是运动与锻炼心理学的基础性议题。以Web of Science TM核心合集数据库中有关体育运动与人格主题的610篇文献为分析对象,旨在通过科学知识图谱方法对该问题的研究主题进行归纳总结,探究体育运动与人格研究的最新进展。结果表明,体育运动与人格研究主题呈现逐渐精细化趋势,研究不断深入。其中,心理韧性研究在运动心理学领域独树一帜,但其理论研究还不够成熟,量化研究主要表现在心理韧性与运动员压力应对的关系,研究结果指向心理韧性与运动员压力应对的正相关关系。感觉寻求在体育运动领域的独特适用性受到关注,研究结果指向高风险运动参与者一般都具有高感觉寻求特质,感觉寻求的基因研究趋势已有凸显。体育锻炼与人格的关系逐渐清晰,人格对体育锻炼的影响为间接效应已逐渐成为共识,至于体育锻炼能否改变人格,目前尚无坚实证据。未来研究应以整体人格视角审视体育运动与人格问题,借鉴行为遗传学及神经科学的研究方法以及加强体育运动与人格的干预研究。

Sport and personality are the traditional topics of the classic issues in sports industry, and there are also the basic research issues in the areas of sport and exercise psychology. Traditionally, the method of mapping knowledge has been used to explore the research issues of sport and personality. The data of the current research was from the database of Web of Science TM including 610 research papers concerning sport and personality. The results indicate that the themes of sport and personality are gradually refined and conceptualized through a long term process. In addition, the topic of the research on mental toughness also becomes an independent variable. Unfortunately, the aforementioned weakness of the theory may hinder its development. In addition, the positive correlation between mental toughness and athlete＇ s coping ability has been found with a general consensus. However, because the current personality topic and its profound impact in sport and exercise psychology practice, it is necessary to further examine the correlation between personality and sport practice. Sensation seeking is the focus of researchers＇ attention because of its maturity in theory and unique usefulness in sport and exercise psychology. The revealed findings of the current study indicated that the people tend to participate in high risk sports are high in sensation seeking. The relationship between physical exercise and personality has been gradually revealed. The findings of this study indicated that the influence of personality on physical exercise seems to be indirect. There is no solid evidence to explain whether physical exercise can change personality or not. Future research should examine the issues of sport and personality from the perspective of the whole personality, and might examine the correlated variables from the behavioral genetics and neuroscience perspectives, and need to strengthen the intervention of sport and personality.